Normalisation of Bax in the Saudi Kingdom

In these article of Stephan Bax he talk about Technological Change and the Future of CALL. He wrote about the technology in the past and how it will be in the future. For example: the change from phone-based to wireless communication because of improved technology and telephone/Internet relay facilities. Technology will improved even better, and people one day will be using their watches as cell phones.

Technology is so important to our lives , and in every field of our lives, such as education, businesses .It is extremely important for safety and emergencies, such as calling the police, fire, and medical.

From what I have read, I knew that they identified a possible critical future agenda for CALL that normalisation asked for. Their aim can be the normalisation, in which CALL becomes invisible, Helping in the needs of students and teachers, and emerged into every teachers’ everyday practice. This will cause changes in technology, in the size, shape and position of the classroom computer, in attitudes, in approach and practice amongst teachers and learners.

In my own opinion, In KSA, CALL has started in official way in the last 10 years. Before that, teachers were teaching and students were learning by the traditional way. Now I think that learning in KSA is getting progressing. And I have noticed that the level of education is improved and became depend on using technology. I think KSA still need some efforts to reach normalisation. Normalisation is possible in some our Saudi context but not in all the places. We need time to apply it in all our schools.

“Challenges of creating web-based activities in Sally Morrison” Interactive language Learning on the Web”

These days, internet is more helpful than everything because it is connected all people together even in learning and classroom.

There are many difficulties to create your own interactive language learning activities in the Web. Like maybe teachers they do not have the technical skill and knowledge to do it and they feel it too complex to do that. Another difficulty in creating online activities students maybe they will do not understand the technology because they are not familiar with it and they will take time to understand.

in conclusion the development of Web-based language teaching and learning activities  will help teacher and students to learn more faster and teacher can teach on the web:  Vocabulary practice, grammar lessons, comprehension exercises

vocabulary

Vocabulary is considered the most important single factor in academic and business success.

 In addition, the size of your vocabulary is usually an indication of the range of your knowledge and the level of thinking.

Building a larger vocabulary will help you in school, at work, and in social settings. It will enable you to better understand the ideas of others, as well as communicate your thoughts and ideas more effectively.

: I find this two website

CLICK HERE

CLICK HERE

In these website there are many games to learn new vocabulary like: fill in the blank, the odd word and many things that make the students improve their vocabulary and memorize it.

There is some activity in this website:

Mach game:

CLICK HERE

Antonym game:

CLICK HERE

Social Network sites

 What is your most important reason for using social networking site?

My reason to use social network is because I can communicate with anyone I want. Social networks can help us in many things we want like in school, college and work. Also social network make us talk and chat any time with our friends who study abroad.

Is it possible for you to use them in teaching EFL/ESL?

Yes, I see it is important to use them in teaching EFL/ESL because nowadays students loves to use social network so when we will use them students will learn faster and they will be more interesting in the classroom.

 Students can post with each other and also with their teacher, like: schoology.

My Reflecting

I have read the paper of Technological Change and the Future of CALL by Mark Warschauer, and I came to know that Technological determinism refers to the idea that the introduction of new technology automatically brings certain results. There is useful distinction between hard determinism and soft determinism.

Computer Assisted Language Learning has faced 3 main stages 1-Structural CALL. 2- Communicative CALL. 3-Integrative CALL.

Also there is five areas will be examined in technology and English Teaching: new contexts, new literacies, new genres, new identities, and new pedagogies.



What is Technological determinism?
Refers to the idea that the introduction of new technology automatically brings certain results

What are the ten developments in Information and Communication Technology?

1- Important change is from phone-based to wireless communication
2- Move from dial-up Internet connections to permanent
3 - Change from the use of mainly personal computers to the use of portable computing and online devices
4- Change will be from narrowband (referring to the speed at which information passes over communication lines) to broadband
5- Change will be from expensive personal computing systems to widely affordable computers and other hardware,
6- Development is that the Internet will change from being an exclusive form of communication and information
7- Development will be a movement from text-based information and communication to audiovisual forms of information and communication,
8- Change will be from use of English as the main online language to multilingual Internet use
9- Change will be from “non-native” to “native” users of information technology
10- Change will be the movement of CALL from the language laboratory to the classroom.

What is the expected effect on English teaching of these likely future developments? 
The expected effect on English teaching: Effective CALL is no longer a matter of using e-mail and the Internet to help teach English but is increasingly directed at teaching English to help people learn to write e-mail and use the Internet.

What is meant by the five areas examined: new contexts, new literacies, new genres, new identities, and new pedagogies?
New Contexts: The projected developments of ICT will have a profound influence on the context in which English is taught.
New Literacies: This leads to another likely result of ICT developments, the emergence of important new literacies. In the era of print, the act of reading consisted of an attempt to understand the meaning of a single author.
New Genres: Similar changes are occurring with respect to writing. It has been suggested that the essay will increasingly become a marked form.  Although essays may still be studied as a literary form, it has been suggested that few people will actually write them since they will be replaced by multimedia presenting concepts through multiple technologies.
New Identities: The increased importance of online communication is also contributing to new kinds of identities.
New Pedagogies: We must now consider the new pedagogies that these changes will elicit. The progress of CALL has been based on evolution from the mainframe computer to the personal computer to the networked, multimedia computer, and corresponding changes have occurred in CALL-based pedagogy.
What are the first three stages of CALL mentioned in the reading?
  Computer Assisted Language Learning has faced 3 main stages;
1- Structural CALL “1970s-1980s”. Technology that is used is mainframe.
2- Communicative CALL “1980s-1990s”Technology used that is used is PCs.
3- Integrative CALL “21st Century”The technology that is used is Multimedia and Internet.

Then, on a separate paragraph, state whether the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has witnessed the same ten developments in ICT. Did the five areas emerge in the Kingdom? What is the expected effect on English teaching of these likely future developments?
   KSA has witnessed these ten developments recently, the five areas emerged in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. There are still good opportunities for growth in the coming years.

:terms you need to know

Online learning:  sometimes referred to as e-learning, is a form of distance education. Online courses are delivered over the Internet and can be accessed from a computer with a Web browser (ex. Internet Explorer)

Computer-assisted language learning (CALL): the search for and study of applications of the computer in language teaching and learning

Blended learning: is a formal education program in which a student learns at least in part through online delivery of content and instruction with some element of student control over time, place, path or pace

Learning Management System (LMS): is a software application for the administration, documentation, tracking, reporting and delivery of e-learning education courses or training programs

E-learning (or eLearning): refers to the use of electronic media and information and communication technologies (ICT) in education

 D-Learning: is a mode of delivering education and instruction, often on an individual basis, to students who are not physically present in a traditional setting such as a classroom. Distance learning provides "access to learning when the source of information and the learners are separated by time and distance, or both

Netiquette: is network etiquette, the do's and don'ts of online communication. Netiquette covers both common courtesy online and the informal "rules of the road" of cyberspace

Educational technology: sometimes termed EdTech, is the study and ethical practice of facilitating e-learning, which is the learning and improving performance by creating, using and managing appropriate technological processes and resources